Lobster phyllosoma larvae are widely distributed in oceanic waters often occurring considerable distances offshore from the adult spawning areas. As part of the second International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2) during May-June 2019, phyllosomas were collected by surface neuston tows during the early evenings along the 110 °E meridional transect over a wide latitudinal range (39.5 °S - 11.5 °S; about 3000 km). Phyllosomas were identified using genomics or morphometrics and their distribution was related to regional and mesoscale oceanography determined from concurrent CTD measurements and remotely-sensed sea surface height anomaly and temperature data. Phyllosomas of eight species of lobster were identified and those of western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus) were the most abundant and caught at stations from 28 – 33 °S. Highest abundance (671/ 1000 m3) of mid-stage P. cygnus phyllosomas was recorded within a cyclonic eddy at 32 °S 110 °E. They were likely to have originated from spawning events towards the end of November 2018 along the Western Australian shelf-edge and transported offshore by the cyclonic eddy. Overall, this study provides insights into the biogeography and dispersal of phyllosomas of rock and slipper lobsters in the south-eastern Indian Ocean.