Background/Aims:
Rare, cryptic marine species are among the most difficult to study and conserve, often requiring multidisciplinary efforts across their entire range to provide the best conservation outcomes. The White’s Seahorse (Hippocampus whitei) is endemic to eastern Australia and is one of three seahorse species globally listed as Endangered, with populations declining by over 90% in some regions due to threats such as habitat loss. Much of the research guiding the conservation of this species has been conducted in two areas of New South Wales. This study aimed to investigate the threats to this species within South-East Queensland (SEQ), of which no studies to date have been undertaken.
Methods:
This study used multiple methods including public engagement, citizen science, field surveys, environmental DNA (eDNA), and remote sensing to monitor and conserve this rare and cryptic species in locations where there is no pre-existing data.
Results:
Our results show very low numbers of H. whitei in SEQ and use of extremely shallow sub-tidal seagrass and macroalgal beds by this species. These environments are currently under direct threat due to flooding, coastal development, and dredging. We also highlight the importance of integrating multiple methods and utilising public engagement and citizen science for species which are difficult to locate in sensitive ecosystems.
Conclusion:
Combining multi-disciplinary methods is essential to understanding rare or threatened species, with clear benefits and limitations to each method. Our findings aim to identify key focal areas in SEQ for conservation and protection for this threatened seahorse, as well as the potential impacts of habitat changes or loss on their populations.